ALL
decorative art
ICH Elements 4
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Keste - Kazakh embroidery
Keste - traditional Kazakh hand-made embroidery with colored thread and needles or hooks (biz/ilgek/ilme) and hoop (kergish). A Kazakh word keste means 'a scheme or painting'. Direct analogues of colored woolen threads embroidery are found in artifacts of the Berel burial in East Kazakhstan, dating from the IV. BC. The embroidery is often made on velvet, plush, cloth, felt, velveteen, cotton and silk with woolen, cotton, silky, golden, silver threads and spun gold. Gimp, beads, coral, pearl beads, silver details are frequently applied. There are about 40 kinds of complex and simple Kazakh embroidery: biz keste - tambour embroidery created with a thin awl-hook; tizbek tigis, shyrash tigis, tyshkan iz, kұs izi (a “bird” seam) shynzhyr, shym keste (tight cover seam without gaps), koykusak, kigash, albyr keste (distichous seam) are the names and versions of tambour embroidery with needle; oraypek/oraypa is a kind of albyr keste; kebeke is a seam similar to Russian embroidery on canvas; zhorme, zhormeme, orys keste, aykas tigis is a cross-stitch embroidery; kereghe bas tigis is a “goat” seam. Baspa is a couched hemstitch technique and shyralzhyn is a simple one. A satin stitch with bedding bedel keste creates relief forms. A columnar seam zhormeu makes zigzag weave. The techniques can be used in combination. Embroidered products are made for domestic purposes and various ceremonies, which led to the species diversity. In festive men's and women's clothing: shapans, dresses koylek, flared skirts beldemshe, sleeveless jackets beshpet, hats, scarves oramal; in interior items: tablecloths, korzhyn etc.
Kazakhstan -
Wood carving art
The art of wood carving in Uzbekistan is part of the Central Asian artistic heritage and its origins date back to ancient times. In the traditional architecture and life of the peoples of Uzbekistan for a long time, carved wood was very popular. In architecture, it was used as important architectural details and structures such as columns, cornices, doors, ceilings, and gratings. The use of carved wood in everyday life, or as it is also called household carving, absorbed a wide range of objects from furniture to small household utensils. Local wood species were used as a material: plane tree, elm, walnut, juniper, here, apricot, poplar, tal, pear, quince, cida, which differ in a variety of texture and pattern. When decorating various household items, furniture and musical instruments, the craftsmen used ornamental carving, painting and inlay. The main centers of woodcarving art are Khiva, Urgench, Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent, Qoqand, Margilan, Andijan, Fergana, Shahrisyabz etc.
Uzbekistan -
Ganchkarlik (ganch-alabaster plastering and carving)
Ganchkarlik (plastering and carving special alabaster – ganch) is one of the most ancient types of architectural-decorative arts of Uzbekistan. In the ХХ century its main centers were located in Khiva, Bukhara, Tashkent, Samarkand, Andijan, Namangan and Qoqand. Ganch carving art is indivisibly connected with architectural art than other types of applied folk art. From time immemorial, it has been used for decorating palaces, madrasahs, mosques and houses. The technique of creating a pattern on ganch surface is labor-intensive one. First, on the raw surface draft picture of the future ornamental pattern is drawn. Then, relief pattern is cut along the outline, while the background is deepened and salient parts of the pattern are finished. Also, special skill requires the work on relief pattern, because the effect of perception of the whole carved panel depends on it. As a matter of fact, Uzbek masters have developed many techniques of finishing relief patterns, which make carved panels look more dynamic, their salient and deepened parts more expressive thanks to the effect of light and shade.
Uzbekistan -
Naqqoshlik (ornament-making) art
Naqqoshlik is drawing an ornament - a pattern built on rhythmic alternation and a combination of geometric or graphic elements, performed by means of painting, drawing, sculpture or embroidery. Uzbek national patterns have their own names, going back in history. Traditional Uzbek ornament is found in decorative art embroideries, in wood carvings, in paintings on clay and ceramics, on Uzbek fabrics, on buildings. At the heart of the ornament is a picture of simple things. For example, knives are designed to protect, a flowering garden is a symbol of fertility and agriculture. Each flower carries information: a scarlet poppy - the image of an innocent girl, a tulip - a symbol of purity, a rose - peace and beauty, wildflowers - a young man. Often, a different meaning was embedded in the image of flowers. For example, they believed that they carried healing power and health. The ornament creates a vector image in which a magical meaning is laid, reflecting the course of human life. This is an oriental vector style with geometric patterns. Geometric patterns have abstract forms: - zigzag lines - circles - polyhedra - stars - ornamental motifs - meander - human figures - stylized inscriptions. Ethnic patterns are folklore images, folk motifs in which a creative union of religion and culture is concluded. They carry a semantic and ritual load.
Uzbekistan
ICH Materials 31
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Kazakh Embroidery
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Kazakhstan -
Wood carving
Distinguishing feature of this type of applied art in Uzbekistan is that masters (i.e. wood carvers) produced not only various household items and goods, but also participated in creation of carved wooden columns, doors and other elements of architectural significance. Wide-scale application of carved wooden columns, doors and other architectural elements could be observed in the architecture of capital cities of Uzbek khanates, i.e. in Khiva, Bukhara and Kokand.It bears mentioning that one of the leading centers of wood carving art was Khiva, the most prominent examples of which are columns and doors to be found in the buildings of Ichan-Qala complex (carved wooden columns in Juma mosque).
Uzbekistan